Corrections, Retractions & Expressions of Concern

Ensuring the accuracy, integrity, and ethical standards of scientific publications is a top priority at the Journal of Cancer Research and Reviews (JCRR). We recognize that post-publication issues may arise, and to address them transparently, JCRR has established a comprehensive Correction and Retraction Policy. This policy ensures a systematic approach to maintaining the credibility and reliability of published research.

Post-Publication Issues

Investigation Process

• JCRR conducts thorough investigations into concerns raised by authors, readers, or editorial staff.
• Authors are given an opportunity to respond to concerns during the investigation.
• Access to original, unprocessed data may be requested, and expert advice may be sought when necessary.

Outcomes Depending on Severity

• If issues are identified during evaluation, the manuscript may be declined or returned to the author (pre-publication/production stage).
• For published articles, actions depend on the nature and severity of the issues identified.

Possible Outcomes for Published Articles

Errata

• Issued for significant errors affecting the publication record, scientific integrity, author reputation, or the journal.
• Corrects errors of omission, typographical mistakes, or significant errors in figures, tables, or data presentation.

Corrigenda

• Notices of significant errors made by authors, issued after consultation with editors and co-authors.
• Includes errors in the author list but does not cover overlooked acknowledgments.

Addendum / Correction

• An addendum provides peer-reviewed additional information to a published paper, often in response to a reader’s request for clarification.
• Published only if the additional information is critical for understanding the original work.

Editor’s Note or Expression of Concern

• Issued when issues of concern arise in a published article.
• A follow-up notification is published after the investigation concludes.

Retraction

• An article may be retracted if serious issues are identified.
• The author’s institution may be notified.

Correction Notice for Updated Articles

• If a published article contains errors, an updated version may be issued with a correction notice appended, detailing all changes and dates.
• Previous electronic versions will be marked as outdated, redirecting readers to the corrected version.

Retraction Policy

JCRR follows COPE guidelines for retractions. Articles will be retracted if:

• Findings are unreliable due to major errors, miscalculations, experimental mistakes, or data fabrication/falsification (including image manipulation).
• The article contains plagiarized material.
• Findings have been previously published elsewhere without proper attribution, permission, or justification (redundant publication).
• Unauthorized use of material or data is identified.
• Copyright infringement or serious legal issues (e.g., libel, privacy violations) exist.
• Unethical research practices are identified.
• The article was published based on a compromised or manipulated peer-review process.
• Authors failed to disclose major competing interests that could have affected editorial or reviewer decisions.

Retraction Process

• JCRR collaborates with the editor and author(s) to draft a retraction notice explaining the reasons.
• The PDF of the retracted article is watermarked with “Retracted,” but the original text remains accessible.
• A retraction notice is published in the next print issue and online if legally required.
• Content removal may occur for legal reasons, while metadata is retained.
• Retraction will not be considered if:
  • Authorship is disputed without questioning validity,
  • Main findings are reliable and correctable,
  • Evidence is inconclusive, or
  • Conflicts of interest are unlikely to affect interpretations.

Fees

• Authors are not required to pay any fees for publishing errata, corrigenda, addenda, or retraction notices.